You can run Atlassian Confluence in a docker from this resource.
To run this docker in debug mode and with the ability to connect to this Confluence instance with a JMX agent you should use the following command:
docker run -e JVM_SUPPORT_RECOMMENDED_ARGS="-Xdebug -Xrunjdwp:transport=dt_socket,address=*:5005,server=y,suspend=n -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.port=9999 -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.rmi.port=9998 -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.authenticate=false -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.ssl=false " -v /Users/alexm/projects/prometheus/confluence:/var/atlassian/application-data/confluence --name="confluence" -p 8090:8090 -p 8091:8091 -p 5005:5005 -p 9999:9999 -p 9998:9998 atlassian/confluence-server
Replace
/Users/alexm/projects/prometheus/confluence
with the folder where you will store Confluence home files.
Now you can attach to localhost:5005 with a debugger. And connect with a JMX agent like jmc, jconsole and so on with localhost:9999 without providing a username and a password.